Watch out for Red Snow!

Did you know we see an increased number of cases involving bloody urine in the winter months?

This is not because dogs are more susceptible to the causes of bloody urine during this time. More likely, your dog has had bloody urine for a while, and you are only able to see it in the white snow.

Common causes for bloody urine in dogs are:

Urinary tract infection (UTI) – When a pathogen, usually bacteria, invades the urinary tract (typically the kidneys or bladder) and causes disease/clinical signs. The urinary tract consists of the kidneys, ureters (tubes that carry urine to the bladder for storage), the urinary bladder, and the urethra that conducts urine outside the body.

Bladder stones – Solid mineral deposits that form inside the bladder of dogs and cats.

Bladder tumor – An abnormal growth of tissue within the bladder.

Prostatitis – Prostate infection in unneutered male dogs.

It’s important to note that bloody urine can also be a sign of poisoning. If you suspect your dog has ingested something harmful, please read our article on Rat Poison Ingestion In Dogs for more information.

For the purpose of this article we will be focusing on Urinary Tract Infections.

Signs and symptoms of a UTI:

Increase thirst and urgency of urination.

Urinating small amounts frequently.

Inadequate bladder control during their normal amount of time.

Bloody urine.

A urinalysis is a test that can be run which can diagnose many illnesses. When we run a urinalysis in the hospital, a doctor is typically looking to see if there are any white blood cells or bacteria that would indicate a urinary tract infection. We can also learn if there are crystals in the urine (often caused by diet) that may indicate bladder stones. Testing to see if the urine is dilute or concentrated and if there is protein in the urine may indicate if there is a problem with the kidneys. Our Veterinary Diagnostics services include comprehensive urinalysis and other tests to help diagnose and monitor your pet’s health.

That is why we recommend running a routine urinalysis on dogs and cats at least once a year. For those patients that are prone to urinary crystals or infections in the bladder, we recommend more frequent testing between 2-4 times a year.

Urine sample collection techniques:

Now that you know why and when to collect a urine sample, let me explain how.

The easiest way for you to collect a routine urinary sample is to take a clean plastic container and collect the urine while your dog is going to the bathroom outside. We call this “free-catch”. The first sample in the morning is best, but any sample is better than none. We are always happy to help with collecting a sample, just ask our front desk staff.

You can also collect a sample from the floor or “tabletop” as we call it. This collection method is least ideal but will work in a pinch.

*Try to bring your sample as soon as you can. If you can’t get to our building right away, you can keep it in the refrigerator for up to 24 hours before testing.

The most sanitary and helpful sample for diagnostic purposes is what is know as cystocentesis. This is when one of our doctors collects the urine via a needle tap directly into the bladder. This is a safe method that bypasses the lower urinary tract and this way we can be sure the sample was not contaminated by bacteria in the vulva or prepuce.

Why send out a urine culture:

Our doctors can do some amazing things with a little urine, some dye and a microscope, but they unfortunately cannot look at the bacteria in the urine and say for sure which antibiotic we have in our arsenal will treat that specific organism. That is where a urine culture comes in. For a first-time urinary tract infection, it is highly recommended that a urine sample be sent to the lab to culture the bacteria and let us know which antibiotics will work to treat the infection. To avoid contaminants in the sample, it is recommended that the urine be collected via cystocentesis. If you do not wish to culture the urine, however, the doctor would select an antibiotic to start with and recommend a follow up sample in 10-14 days to see if the infection was cured.

Our Advice on Watch out for Red Snow in 2024

Are there any home remedies or over-the-counter supplements that can help prevent?

While veterinary guidance is crucial for managing urinary health, certain home remedies and over-the-counter supplements may aid in prevention. Increasing water intake can help flush the urinary tract and reduce the risk of infections and stone formation. Supplements containing cranberry extract are also popular as they may decrease the adhesion of bacteria to the bladder walls. Additionally, supplements like glucosamine may help support bladder health by strengthening the bladder lining. However, it’s essential to consult with a veterinarian before starting any new supplements to ensure they are appropriate for your pet’s specific health needs.

How often should owners collect a urine sample from their dog for routine screening?

For routine screening, it is recommended to collect a urine sample from dogs at least once a year as part of their annual health check-up. This frequency helps in early detection of potential issues such as urinary tract infections, kidney problems, or diabetes. For dogs that are prone to urinary issues, such as those with a history of urinary crystals or infections, more frequent testing may be advised, typically between 2-4 times a year. Always follow the specific recommendations provided by your veterinarian based on your dog’s health history and risk factors.

Can stress or anxiety contribute to the development of urinary tract infections or other urinary issues in dogs?

Yes, stress or anxiety can contribute to the development of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and other urinary issues in dogs. Stress can weaken the immune system, making it easier for infections to take hold. Additionally, anxious dogs may exhibit changes in urination habits, such as holding urine for prolonged periods, which can increase the risk of UTIs. Stress-related hormones may also affect the bladder’s protective lining, making it more susceptible to infection. Addressing the underlying causes of stress and maintaining regular veterinary check-ups are crucial for managing these risks.

Are there any risks or complications associated with the cystocentesis method of urine collection?

Cystocentesis, while a generally safe and effective method for collecting sterile urine samples directly from the bladder, does carry some risks and potential complications. These include the accidental puncture of other organs, minor bleeding within the bladder, and introduction of infection. However, these complications are rare when the procedure is performed by an experienced veterinarian using proper technique and ultrasound guidance when necessary. The benefits of obtaining a clean sample for diagnostic purposes often outweigh these risks, especially for diagnosing urinary tract infections or other conditions.

What steps can owners take to prevent recurrent urinary tract infections in their dog?

To prevent recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) in dogs, owners should ensure their pets have ample fresh water daily to encourage frequent urination, which helps flush out bacteria. Regular, scheduled bathroom breaks are essential, especially for dogs that hold urine too long. High-quality, balanced diets support overall health and can reduce the risk of UTIs. For dogs prone to recurrent infections, supplements like cranberry extract might be beneficial. Regular veterinary check-ups, including routine urine analysis, can detect early signs of UTI or other urinary issues.

Contact us, your local animal clinic in West Greenwich, RI!